Health and vital signs monitoring patch with display and making of same

ABSTRACT

A vital signs monitoring patch with integrated display (VSM) includes a user access layer for accessing a display section and a first printed silver-silver chloride (Ag—AgCl) electrode. A polyethylene foam layer including battery and plunger cut-outs. A printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) layer including vitals sign monitoring sensors and the battery and connected to the first and second printed Ag—AgCl electrodes. The polyethylene foam layer bonded to the user access layer and the PCBA layer. A sensor layer including reflection mode oximetry components and the second printed Ag—AgCl electrode. A hydrogel conductive adhesive to interact between a user skin and the second printed Ag—AgCl electrode. A medical tape layer bonded to the user skin and the sensor layer. A plunger connected to the PCBA layer and configured to power on the VSM, where user access of the first printed Ag—AgCl electrode completes a circuit with the second printed Ag—AgCl electrode.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to electronics and in particular, a patch formonitoring and displaying health signs, vital signs, and the like.

BACKGROUND

Vital signs monitoring devices are capable of measuring multiplephysiologic parameters of a patient. These physiologic parameters mayinclude heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals,photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, and other like signals andinformation. The vital sign monitoring devices come in a variety offorms including smart watches, wearable devices, and the like. The useof such devices has become ubiquitous as users become more healthconscious. The devices may be used in a variety of settings includingmedical facilities, home, and work, and while walking, exercising andperforming other activities. The devices, however, lack depicting themulti-parametric measurements associated with the multiple sensingmodalities on the devices such as ECG, oxygen saturation, temperatureand pH, for example. In addition, the devices may be costly, needmaintenance, and may be difficult to use or interpret. Consequently,there is a need for an easy to use vital signs monitoring device whichmay be more suitable and adaptable for a variety of environments.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein are implementations of health and/or vital signsmonitoring patch with integrated display and methods for making thepatches or devices.

In implementations, a vital signs monitoring patch with integrateddisplay includes a user access layer configured to have at least accessto a display section and a first printed silver-silver chlorideelectrode, a polyethylene foam layer including at least a cut-out for apower supply, where the polyethylene foam layer is arranged to bond tothe user access layer, a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) layerincluding at least one vital sign monitoring sensor and the powersupply, the PCBA layer is connected to the first printed silver-silverchloride electrode and a second printed silver-silver chlorideelectrode, where the PCBA layer is arranged to bond to the polyethylenefoam layer, a sensor layer including reflection mode oximetrymeasurement components and the second printed silver-silver chlorideelectrode, a hydrogel based conductive adhesive configured to contact auser surface area, where the hydrogel based conductive adhesive isconfigured to interact between the user surface area and the secondprinted silver-silver chloride electrode, a medical tape layer, wherethe medical tape layer is configured to bond to the user surface areaand the sensor layer, and a plunger arranged to operate within a cut-outon the polyethylene foam layer and connected to the PCBA layer, wherethe plunger is accessible on the user access layer and configured topower on the vital signs monitoring patch with integrated display viathe power supply, and where access of the first printed silver-silverchloride electrode by a user completes a circuit with the second printedsilver-silver chloride electrode.

In implementations, a vital signs monitoring patch with integrateddisplay includes a top layer including at least access to a display, atop printed silver-silver chloride electrode and an activation device, afoam layer including at least a cut-out for a power supply and theactivation device, where the polyethylene foam layer is arranged to bondto the top layer, a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) layer having atop surface and a bottom surface, where the top surface including atleast an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and the power supply, the ECGsensor connected to the first printed silver-silver chloride electrodeand a second printed silver-silver chloride electrode, the bottomsurface including at least an oximetry sensor and the second printedsilver-silver chloride electrode, and the activation device connected tothe PCBA layer, a hydrogel based conductive adhesive configured tocontact a user skin surface, where the hydrogel based conductiveadhesive is configured to interact between a user skin area and thesecond printed silver-silver chloride electrode, and a contact layer,wherein the contact layer is configured to bond to a user surface areaand the bottom surface of the PCBA layer, and where the activationdevice is configured to power on the vital signs monitoring patch withintegrated display via the power supply, and where access of the firstprinted silver-silver chloride electrode by a user completes a circuitwith the second printed silver-silver chloride electrode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosure is best understood from the following detaileddescription when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings andare incorporated into and thus constitute a part of this specification.It is emphasized that, according to common practice, the variousfeatures of the drawings are not to-scale. On the contrary, thedimensions of the various features are arbitrarily expanded or reducedfor clarity.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the multiple layers in a vital signs monitoringpatch with display in accordance with certain implementations.

FIGS. 2A-E are diagrams of reflection mode oximetry measurementcomponents in accordance with certain implementations.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of reflection mode oximetry measurement componentsin accordance with certain implementations.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a vital signs monitoring patch withdisplay in accordance with certain implementations.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the vital signs monitoring patch with display ofFIG. 4 in accordance with certain implementations.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the vital signs monitoring patch with displayof FIG. 4 in accordance with certain implementations.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of the multiple layers of the vital signs monitoringpatch with display of FIG. 4 in accordance with certain implementations.

FIG. 8 is a bottom view of a printed circuit board layer of the vitalsigns monitoring patch with display of FIG. 4 in accordance with certainimplementations.

FIG. 8A is a diagram of the reflection mode oximetry measurementcomponents of FIG. 8 in accordance with certain implementations.

FIG. 8B is a block diagram of a readout circuit for the reflection modeoximetry measurement system of FIG. 8 in accordance with certainimplementations.

FIG. 9 is an example diagram of a hardware architecture of a vital signsmonitoring patch with display in accordance with certainimplementations.

FIG. 10 is an example diagram of a software architecture of a vitalsigns monitoring patch with display in accordance with certainimplementations.

FIGS. 11A-B are an example diagram of an interface screen on a devicefor interacting with a vital signs monitoring patch with display inaccordance with certain implementations.

FIGS. 12A-B are an example diagram of an interface screen on a devicefor interacting with a vital signs monitoring patch with display inaccordance with certain implementations.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart for reflection mode oximetry measurement for avital signs monitoring patch with display in accordance with certainimplementations.

FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example display architecture for a vitalsigns monitoring patch with display in accordance with certainimplementations.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of an example display architecture for a vitalsigns monitoring patch with display in accordance with certainimplementations.

FIGS. 16A and 16 B are diagrams of an example display architecture for avital signs monitoring patch with display in accordance with certainimplementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The figures and descriptions provided herein may be simplified toillustrate aspects of the described embodiments that are relevant for aclear understanding of the herein disclosed processes, machines,manufactures, and/or compositions of matter, while eliminating for thepurpose of clarity other aspects that may be found in typical similardevices, systems, compositions and methods. Those of ordinary skill maythus recognize that other elements and/or steps may be desirable ornecessary to implement the devices, systems, compositions and methodsdescribed herein. However, because such elements and steps are wellknown in the art, and because they do not facilitate a betterunderstanding of the disclosed embodiments, a discussion of suchelements and steps may not be provided herein. However, the presentdisclosure is deemed to inherently include all such elements,variations, and modifications to the described aspects that would beknown to those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art in light of thediscussion herein.

Embodiments are provided throughout so that this disclosure issufficiently thorough and fully conveys the scope of the disclosedembodiments to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specificdetails are set forth, such as examples of specific aspects, devices,and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Nevertheless, it will be apparent to those skilledin the art that certain specific disclosed details need not be employed,and that embodiments may be embodied in different forms. As such, theexemplary embodiments set forth should not be construed to limit thescope of the disclosure.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. For example, asused herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” may be intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,” and“having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of statedfeatures, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do notpreclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps,operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

The steps, processes, and operations described herein are thus not to beconstrued as necessarily requiring their respective performance in theparticular order discussed or illustrated, unless specificallyidentified as a preferred or required order of performance. It is alsoto be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed,in place of or in conjunction with the disclosed aspects.

Yet further, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be usedherein to describe various elements, steps or aspects, these elements,steps or aspects should not be limited by these terms. These terms maybe only used to distinguish one element or aspect from another. Thus,terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when usedherein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by thecontext. Thus, a first element, step, component, region, layer orsection discussed below could be termed a second element, step,component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachingsof the disclosure.

As used herein, the terminology “determine” and “identify,” or anyvariations thereof includes selecting, ascertaining, computing, lookingup, receiving, determining, establishing, obtaining, or otherwiseidentifying or determining in any manner whatsoever using one or more ofthe devices and methods are shown and described herein.

As used herein, the terminology “example,” “the embodiment,”“implementation,” “aspect,” “feature,” or “element” indicates serving asan example, instance, or illustration. Unless expressly indicated, anyexample, embodiment, implementation, aspect, feature, or element isindependent of each other example, embodiment, implementation, aspect,feature, or element and may be used in combination with any otherexample, embodiment, implementation, aspect, feature, or element.

As used herein, the terminology “or” is intended to mean an inclusive“or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is unless specified otherwise,or clear from context, “X includes A or B” is intended to indicate anyof the natural inclusive permutations. That is if X includes A; Xincludes B; or X includes both A and B, then “X includes A or B” issatisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, thearticles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appendedclaims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unlessspecified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to asingular form.

As used herein, the terminology “computer” or “computing device”includes any unit, or combination of units, capable of performing anymethod, or any portion or portions thereof, disclosed herein. Forexample, the “computer” or “computing device” may include at least oneor more processor(s).

As used herein, the terminology “processor” indicates one or moreprocessors, such as one or more special purpose processors, one or moredigital signal processors, one or more microprocessors, one or morecontrollers, one or more microcontrollers, one or more applicationprocessors, one or more central processing units (CPU)s, one or moregraphics processing units (GPU)s, one or more digital signal processors(DSP)s, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASIC)s,one or more application specific standard products, one or more fieldprogrammable gate arrays, any other type or combination of integratedcircuits, one or more state machines, or any combination thereof.

As used herein, the terminology “memory” indicates any computer-usableor computer-readable medium or device that can tangibly contain, store,communicate, or transport any signal or information that may be used byor in connection with any processor. For example, a memory may be one ormore read-only memories (ROM), one or more random access memories (RAM),one or more registers, low power double data rate (LPDDR) memories, oneor more cache memories, one or more semiconductor memory devices, one ormore magnetic media, one or more optical media, one or moremagneto-optical media, or any combination thereof.

As used herein, the terminology “instructions” may include directions orexpressions for performing any method, or any portion or portionsthereof, disclosed herein, and may be realized in hardware, software, orany combination thereof. For example, instructions may be implemented asinformation, such as a computer program, stored in memory that may beexecuted by a processor to perform any of the respective methods,algorithms, aspects, or combinations thereof, as described herein.Instructions, or a portion thereof, may be implemented as a specialpurpose processor, or circuitry, that may include specialized hardwarefor carrying out any of the methods, algorithms, aspects, orcombinations thereof, as described herein. In some implementations,portions of the instructions may be distributed across multipleprocessors on a single device, on multiple devices, which maycommunicate directly or across a network such as a local area network, awide area network, the Internet, or a combination thereof.

As used herein, the term “application” refers generally to a unit ofexecutable software that implements or performs one or more functions,tasks or activities. For example, applications may perform one or morefunctions including, but not limited to, vital signs monitoring, healthmonitoring, telephony, web browsers, e-commerce transactions, mediaplayers, travel scheduling and management, smart home management,entertainment, and the like. The unit of executable software generallyruns in a predetermined environment and/or a processor.

The non-limiting embodiments described herein are with respect topatches or devices and methods for making the patches or devices, wherethe patches or devices are vital signs monitoring or health signsmonitoring patches or devices with integrated display. The patch ordevice and method for making the patch or device with integrated displaymay be modified for a variety of applications and uses while remainingwithin the spirit and scope of the claims. The embodiments andvariations described herein, and/or shown in the drawings, are presentedby way of example only and are not limiting as to the scope and spirit.The descriptions herein may be applicable to all embodiments of thedevice and the methods for making the devices.

Disclosed herein are implementations of health or vital (collectively“vital”) signs monitoring patches or devices with integrated display(collectively “patches”) and methods for making the patches. The vitalsigns monitoring patch with display is an external on-body, skin-contactpatch. The patch is easily attached and removed from the user. The patchmay use a combination of sensors, printed electronics, adhesives,batteries, display electronics, flexible materials or enclosures. In animplementation, the vital signs monitoring patch with display includesflexible display layers based on organic, electrochromic, or quantum dotdisplay techniques and materials. The parameters that may be displayedon the patch include, but are not limited to, heart rate (HR), heartrate variability (HRV), oxygen saturation (SpO₂), body surfacetemperature, pH levels and the like

The vital signs monitoring patch with display integrates multiplesensing modalities such as, but not limited to, single or multi-leadelectrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmography (PPG), oxygen saturationmapping (oximetry), temperature monitoring and pH monitoring in onewearable and disposable device for detecting pulsatile signals or thelack thereof. The device and captured data is used to monitor injuriesover time such as open and/or closed wounds, trauma, pressure sores,post-surgical skin grafts, hydration, thermoregulation, hyperhidrosis,infection, muscle fatigue, dialysis, firefighting, stress, ischemictissue status, and the like, by tracking the data from the multiplesensing modalities over time and the patch coverage area.

In an implementation, the vital signs monitoring patch with display isdisposable. The disposability aspect means that internal electronics andpower supply are sealed from external exposure. This disposabilityaspect of the patch permits sealing of the structure to provide a dusttight patch. In addition, the patch provides protection againsttemporary immersion in water. In an implementation, the patch may havean International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) protection rating ofIPX 67. Due its disposability, the patch may have a small form factorincluding both size and weight. This makes it easy for the user to wearwithout much discomfort.

In an implementation, the variety of sensors may include, but is notlimited to, a single lead ECG sensor, a PPG sensor, temperature sensors,and an accelerometer. In an implementation, the PPG sensor is areflection mode oximetry measurement sensor. In an implementation, thereflection mode oximetry measurement sensor may include light emittingdiodes (LEDs) and photodiodes. The LEDs may be red LEDs, near infrared(NIR) LEDs, and/or green LEDs.

In an implementation, the patch may include a low power microcontrollerwith Bluetooth® for communication, an analog front-end (AFE) formeasuring ECG and oximetry signals (PPG) and oxygen saturation (SpO₂)),screen printed Silver-Silver Chloride electrodes (Ag—AgCl), anaccelerometer, temperature sensor, pH sensor, and an oximetry layerincluding the LEDs and photodiodes on the same layer (or plane).

Power for the patch is internally supplied by a flexible battery asdescribed herein. The flexible battery may permit the patch to be run ina continuous mode of operation for a defined time period. For example,the defined time period may be 7 days. The data from the patch may becommunicated to a mobile device for display or analysis. In animplementation, the communication may be done via wireless, Bluetooth®,and the like. The data may include ECG live data, heart rate, heart ratevariability, fall detection, SpO₂, pH, body surface temperature, and thelike. In an implementation, the flexible battery is sealed. In animplementation, the flexible battery is rechargeable.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the multiple layers in a vital signs monitoringpatch with display 1000 in accordance with certain implementations.

Layer 1 of the vital signs monitoring patch with display 1000 is a useraccess layer 1100 which includes a display section 1125 and a top ECGelectrode 1150. The display section 1100 is a printed light emittingdevice which displays heart rate information from ECG electrodes, SpO₂levels, body surface temperature, and the like. In an implementation,the display section 1100 is a 3-digit 7-segment display. In animplementation, the display section 1100 may include multiple displaysections for displaying different physiological parameters as describedherein. In an implementation, the display section 1100 is implementedusing organic, electrochromic, or quantum dot display techniques andmaterials as described herein. In an implementation, the display section1100 is flexible. The top ECG electrode 1150 is a screen-printed Ag—AgClECG electrode which is touchable or engageable by a user to complete anECG sensor circuit.

Layer 2 is a polyethylene foam layer 1200 which may adhere to the useraccess layer 1100. The polyethylene foam layer 1200 may have a lasercut-out 1210 for encompassing and protecting a power supply unit 1300and an assembled printed circuit board (PCBA) layer 1400, and a cut-out1220 for an on/off plunger.

Layer 3 is a power supply unit 1300. In an implementation, the powersupply unit 1300 may be a stack of Lithium polymer or similar batteriesproviding 3.3 V and 140 mAh, for example. In an implementation, thepower supply unit 1300 may be a flexible battery. The power supply unit1300 provides power to the various components on the vital signsmonitoring patch with display 1000.

Layer 4 is the PCBA layer 1400 which may include active and passivecomponents as described herein and adhere to layer 2. In animplementation, the PCBA layer 1400 may include, but is not limited to,an accelerometer, pH sensor, and temperature sensor(s). In animplementation, the accelerometer may be used for activity tracking suchas steps, sleep efficiency, and sleep staging. In an implementation, oneor more temperature sensors may be used to determine a temperatureprofile for a wound, for example. The one or more temperature sensorsmay sense or monitor surface temperatures of a localized body area. Inan implementation, the pH sensor may monitor the pH levels of alocalized body area. The pH level may vary from 0 to 14 and as statedherein, may be displayed via layer 1. For example, pH of normal healingwounds ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 and pH of nonhealing wounds is greaterthan 6.5. In an implementation, the pH sensors may be potentiometric pHsensors. In an implementation, the pH sensors may be implemented usingcarbon/polyaniline and Ag—AgCl electrodes.

A bottom side of a layer 5 is shown in FIG. 1. Layer 5 is a sensor layer1500 which may adhere to the PCBA layer 1400. The sensor layer 1500 mayinclude reflection mode oximetry measurement components 1525 and abottom ECG electrode 1550. In an implementation, the bottom ECGelectrode 1550 may be a screen-printed Ag—AgCl ECG electrode whichinterfaces with a user skin via a hydrogel layer. For example, thebottom ECG electrode 1550 may contact the skin area on the chest nearthe heart. Other skin surface areas may also be used. Operationally, auser may contact the top ECG electrode 1150, for example using an indexfinger of the hand from the opposing side of the body (right hand ifpatch is placed near heart). Contact of the index finger with the topECG electrode 1150 completes the circuit with the bottom ECG electrode1550 for single lead (two electrode-based) ECG measurements.

In an implementation, the data may be streamed to a device applicationthrough a Bluetooth connection. FIGS. 11A-B are an example diagram of aninterface screen 11000 on a device for interacting with a vital signsmonitoring patch with display in accordance with certainimplementations. The interface screen 11000 may have a link or tab 11100for selection of a sub-menu for EGG graphic display 11200. The ECGgraphic display 11200 may stream the live ECG signal showing distinctQRS complexes and reports the heart rate and heart rate variabilityderived from the R—R peak intervals.

Oximeters sense oxygen saturation in tissues by optically quantifyingconcentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb). Pulseoximetry is one modality for ratiometric optical measurements onpulsatile arterial blood by leveraging photoplethysmography (PPG) at aminimum of two distinct wavelengths. PPG comprises optoelectroniccomponents such as LEDs and photodiodes. In an implementation, thereflection mode oximetry measurement components 1525 (also referred toas an oximetry layer) of layer 5 may include a 4×4 array 1530 of redLEDs (4) 1535, NIR LEDs (4) 1545, and photodiodes (8) 1540 for a totalof 16 pixels to facilitate reflection mode oximetry measurements. In animplementation, the 4×4 array 1530 provides a flexible reflectionoximetry platform for single point measurements of heart rate, heartrate variability, SpO₂ and 2D oxygenation mapping of localized tissues.

The molar absorption coefficients of HbO₂ and Hb are disparate at thered and NIR wavelengths. The red LEDs 1535 and the NIR LEDs 1545 act asemitters (converting electrical energy into light energy) where light istransmitted at 610 nm and 725 nm wavelengths, respectively. In animplementation and as shown in FIG. 3, red and green (530 nm) may alsobe used as LED combinations.

The photodiodes 1540 sense the non-absorbed light from the LEDs. Thesignals are inverted by means of an operational amplifier. These signalsare interpreted as light that has been absorbed by the tissue beingprobed and are assigned to direct current (DC) and alternating current(AC) components. The DC component is treated as light absorbed by thetissue, venous blood, and non-pulsatile arterial blood. The AC componentis treated as pulsatile arterial blood.

Data from the reflection mode oximetry measurement components 1525 oflayer 5 may be streamed to a device application. FIGS. 12A-B are anexample diagram of an interface screen 12000 on a device for interactingwith a vital signs monitoring patch with display in accordance withcertain implementations. The interface screen 12000 may have a link ortab 12100 for selection of a sub-menu for a Patch Oximetry display12200. At the Patch Oximetry display 12200, a user may view a livestream of the PPG waveform with well-delineated anacrotic (rising) anddicrotic (notch) characteristics. In an implementation, the PatchOximetry display 12200 may display 2D contour maps 12300 in real-timethat provide the perfusion status of a localized region sampled by theoximetry layer, where the oximetry layer includes the LEDs andphotodiodes. The 2D contour maps 12300 are enabled via the array 1530 asdescribed with respect to FIGS. 2A-E, and the PCBA layer 7600 of FIG. 7,for example. In an implementation, the Patch Oximetry display 12200 maydisplay parameters reflecting PPG-specific heart rate, heart ratevariability, and oxygen saturation. In an implementation, the PatchOximetry display 12200 may display surface temperature, pH levels, andother biomarker or physiological parameters.

In an implementation, the size of the array may vary without departingfrom the scope of the specification or claims. In an implementation, thenumber of pixels may vary without departing from the scope of thespecification or claims. In an implementation, the number of LEDs forspecific wavelengths or frequencies may vary without departing from thescope of the specification or claims. In an implementation, differentwavelengths or frequencies may be used without departing from the scopeof the specification or claims.

Layer 6 is a spacer ribbon-like layer 1600 around layer 5. The spacerribbon-like layer 1600 may bond to the skin of the user and may hold theentire patch in position on the skin. For example, the spacerribbon-like layer 1600 may be a medical tape which consists of a porous,highly breathable, white elastic multilayer polyurethane/syntheticrubber based non-woven fabric. The non-woven fabric may be coated on oneside with a pressure sensitive adhesive which bonds to a user skinsurface and an adhesive on the other side for bonding with layer 5.

As referenced herein above, the vital signs monitoring patch withdisplay may also include an application which may run on a device suchas mobile devices, end user devices, cellular telephones, InternetProtocol (IP) devices, mobile computers, laptops, handheld computers,PDAs, personal media devices, smartphones, notebooks, notepads,phablets, smart watches, and the like (collectively “user device”). Thevital signs monitoring patch with display may wirelessly communicatewith the user device and the application together with the user devicemay analyze, display and provide alerts to a user the vitals signs datacollected by the vital signs monitoring patch with display. The vitalsigns monitoring patch with display may interface with the applicationto measure, stream and record real-time data for providing comprehensivesensing information to user(s). FIGS. 11A-B and FIGS. 12A-B are examplediagrams of interface screens for reviewing the sensor data as describedherein.

FIGS. 2A-E are diagrams of reflection mode oximetry measurementcomponents 2000 in accordance with certain implementations. Thereflection mode oximetry measurement components 2000 may include anarray of red LEDs 2100, NIR LEDs 2200, and photodiodes 2300, where ashaded area reflects a light emitting area. In an implementation, thereflection mode oximetry measurement components 2000 may include a redLED array layer 2005, a NIR LED array layer 2010, and a photodiode arraylayer 2015. The red LED array layer 2005 may include the red LEDs 2100in a defined pattern and a connector 2105. The NIR LED array layer 2010may include the NIR LEDs 2200 in a defined pattern and a connector 2205.The photodiode array layer 2015 may include the photodiodes 2300 in adefined pattern and a connector 2305. The reflection mode oximetrymeasurement components 2000 may include an interface board 2400 whichconnects to a PCBA such as PCBA layer 1400 of FIG. 1. The connectors2105, 2205, and 2305 each connect to connectors 2110, 2210, and 2310,respectively, on the interface board 2400 to carry or send signals tothe appropriate components on the PCBA.

In an implementation, the red LEDs 2100 may emit approximately at 610 nmand the NIR LEDs 2200 may emit around 725 nm. In an implementation, theLED active areas for the red LEDs 2100 and the NIR LEDs 2200 may beapproximately 7.0×7.0 mm². In an implementation, the photodiode activearea may be approximately 7.0×7.0 mm². In an implementation, the spacingbetween the red LEDs 2100, NIR LEDs 2200, and photodiodes 2300 may beapproximately 5.0 mm AC and DC signal magnitudes drop off exponentiallywith increased spacing between emitters and detectors (or photodiodes).The array configuration and spacing of the red LEDs 2100, NIR LEDs 2200,and photodiodes 2300 enable 2D contour mapping for the skin surfaceproximate to the patch contact area. This permits determination of bloodflow, temperature, and other physiological parameters at differentpoints relative to the patch contact area and therefore thephysiological conditions at different points with respect to, forexample, a wound. For example, analysis of the 2D contour maps may showhealing at one part of the wound but not at another part of the wound.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of reflection mode oximetry measurement components3000 in accordance with certain implementations. In an implementation,the reflection mode oximetry measurement components 3000 may include anarray of red LEDs 3100, green LEDs 3200, and photodiodes 3300. In animplementation, the red LEDs 3100 may emit approximately at 610 nm andthe green LEDs 3200 may emit around 530 nm. In an implementation, theLED active areas for the red LEDs 3100 and the green LEDs 3200 may beapproximately 10.0×10.0 mm². In an implementation, the spacing betweenthe red LEDs 3100, NIR LEDs 3200, and photodiodes 3300 may beapproximately 5.0 mm.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a vital signs monitoring patch withdisplay 4000 in accordance with certain implementations. FIG. 5 is a topview of the vital signs monitoring patch with display of FIG. 4 inaccordance with certain implementations. FIG. 6 is a side view of thevital signs monitoring patch with display of FIG. 4 in accordance withcertain implementations. The vital signs monitoring patch with display4000 may include a power button 4100, a display section 4200, and afront or top ECG electrode 4300. In an implementation, the vital signsmonitoring patch with display 4000 may include a charging port 4400. Thepower button 4100 is configured to power on or off the vital signsmonitoring patch with display 4000. The display section 4200 depictsinformation related to physiological parameters sensed or captured bythe vital signs monitoring patch with display 4000 as described herein.The display section 4200 is implemented as described herein. The frontor top ECG electrode 4300 is part of a two ECG electrode configuration,where a bottom of the vital signs monitoring patch with display 4000includes a bottom ECG electrode 4350 as shown in FIG. 6, and functionsor operates as described herein. The front or top ECG electrode 4300 isconfigured such that accidental or incidental touching of the front ortop ECG electrode 4300 is minimized. In an implementation, the front ortop ECG electrode 4300 is touchable at a plane below the plane of thedisplay section 4200. The charging port 4400 permits charging of thevital signs monitoring patch with display 4000. In an implementation,the vital signs monitoring patch with display 4000 may include awireless charger.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of the multiple layers of the vital signs monitoringpatch with display 4000 in accordance with certain implementations.

Layer 1 is a top cover 7100 which includes a cut-out 7110 for contactaccess to a front or top ECG electrode 7620, a cut-out 7120 for adisplay 7400, and a power button indicator 7130 for a plunger or powerbutton 7200. In an implementation, the top cover 7100 may be stickerpaper or acrylic material which includes an adhesive on the bottomsurface of the top cover 7100.

Layer 2 is the plunger or power button 7200 which is in contact with thetop cover 7100 at the power button indicator 7130 and with the PCBAlayer 7600 of layer 6 via a cut-out 7330 in layer 3. Pressing at thepower button indicator 7130 engages the plunger or power button 7200,which in turn switches a switch on the PCBA layer 7600, for example, topower on the vital signs monitoring patch with display 4000.

Layer 3 is a foam spacer 7300 which includes a cut-out 7310 for thefront or top ECG electrode 7620, a cut-out 7320 for the display 7400,and a cut-out 7330 for the plunger or power button 7200. In animplementation, the foam spacer 7300 is a double sided, adhesive coatedurethane foam tape for bonding with the top cover 7000 and the PCBAlayer 7600. In an implementation, the foam spacer 7300 has a definedthickness to mitigate inadvertent ECG circuit completion, provideplacement of the display 7400, and provide placement of a battery 7500.

Layer 4 is the display 7400. In an implementation, the display 7400 is a3-digit, 7-segment display which depicts at least the physiologicalparameters described herein. In an implementation, the display 7400 isimplemented as described herein. The display 7400 is electrically andmechanically connected to the PCBA layer 7600.

Layer 5 is the battery 7500. In an implementation, the battery 7500 is apolymer Lithium battery or battery stack. In an implementation, thebattery 7500 is rechargeable. The battery 7500 is connected to the PCBAlayer 7600 and/or the display 7400.

Layer 6 is the PCBA layer 7600. The PCBA 7600 includes active andpassive components section 7610, the front or top ECG electrode 7620 onone side or a top surface of the PCBA layer 7600 and a bottom ECGelectrode on another side or bottom surface of the PCBA layer 7600.

Layer 7 is a double-sided medical tape layer 7700 which includes acut-out 7710 for the active and passive components section 7610 and acut-out 7720 for the bottom ECG electrode. The double-sided medical tapelayer 7700 has adhesive on both sides which bonds to the PCBA layer 7600and the medical tape layer 7800

Layer 8 is the medical tape layer 7800 which includes a cut-out 7810 forthe active and passive components section 7610 and a cut-out 7820 forthe bottom ECG electrode. The medical tape layer 7800 includes a medicaladhesive to bond to the user skin surface.

Layer 9 is a hydrogel conductive adhesive patch 7900 which is connectedto the bottom ECG electrode 7630.

FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the PCBA layer 7600 in accordance withcertain implementations. A bottom surface 8000 of the PCBA layer 7600,for example, includes a first temperature sensor 8100, a secondtemperature sensor 8200, a bottom ECG electrode 8300, and reflectionmode oximetry measurement components 8400. In an implementation, thebottom ECG electrode 8300 may be a screen-printed Ag—AgCl electrode. Inan implementation, the reflection mode oximetry measurement components8400 may be configured and function and operate as shown in FIGS. 2A-2E.In an implementation, the reflection mode oximetry measurementcomponents 8400 may be configured and function and operate as describedin the specification herein. In an implementation, the reflection modeoximetry measurement components 8400 may include red LEDs 8410, NIR LEDs8420, and photodiodes 8430 which function and operate as described inthe specification herein. The first temperature sensor 8100 and thesecond temperature sensor 8200 permit generation of a temperatureprofile for a wound, for example, to see whether healing is progressing.The parameters may be displayed on the display 7400 or transmitted toanother device which may show, for example, a 2D thermal contour.

FIG. 8A is a diagram of the reflection mode oximetry measurementcomponents 8400 in accordance with certain implementations. Thereflection mode oximetry measurement components 8400 may be configuredin an array 8405 which may include an array of red LEDs 8410 (shown asR1-R4), array of NIR LEDs 8420 (shown as N1-N4), and an array ofphotodiodes 8430 (shown as P1-P8), where each array is configured in adefined pattern. Readout from the array 8405 may be implemented bysampling in a raster format. In an implementation, a raster pattern 8500may be done from top to bottom. In an implementation, the array 8405 maybe read out by sampling readout blocks 8600 from readout block 1 toreadout block 9 (RB1-RB9). As an illustrative example, RB1 may includeP1, R1, N1 and P2, RB2 may include R1, P3, P2 and N2, RB3 may includeP3, R2, N2 and P4, RB4 may include N1, P8, P2 and R4, RB5 may includeP2, R4, N2 and P6, RB6 may include N2, P6, P4 and R3, RB7 may includeP8, N4, R4 and P7, RB8 may include R4, P7, P6 and N3, and RB9 mayinclude P6, N3, R3 and P5.

FIG. 8B is a block diagram of a readout circuit 8600 for a reflectionmode oximetry measurement system in accordance with certainimplementations. The readout circuit 8600 includes a multiplexor 8700which is connected to analog front-end (AFE) 8750 and a low powerprocessor with Bluetooth 8800. The AFE 8750 is connected to and receivesinputs (IN1-IN3) from photodiodes (PD) 8900 and controls transmission(TX1-TX4) by red LEDs 8910 and NIR LEDs 8920. In an implementation, thered LEDs 8910 and NIR LEDs 8920 are switched on/off by the multiplexer8700 and a current source within the AFE 8750. The current produced bythe photodiodes 8900 are converted into voltages (transimpedanceamplifier), time demultiplexed, and digitized back through the AFE 8750and then transmitted to an application on a mobile device 8950. The AFE8750, the red LEDs 8910, the NIR LEDs 8920, the photodiodes 8900, andthe low power processor with Bluetooth 8800 may function and operate asdescribed in the specification herein.

FIG. 9 is an example diagram of a hardware architecture of a vital signsmonitoring patch with display 9000 in accordance with certainimplementations. The vital signs monitoring patch with display 9000includes printed Ag—AgCl electrodes 9100, negative and a positiveelectrodes, for taking ECG measurements. In an implementation, theprinted Ag—AgCl electrodes 9100 are screen-printed on different sides ofa PCB. The Ag—AgCl electrodes 9100 are connected to an analog front-end(AFE) 9200, which further includes connections from an accelerometer9300 and a PPG sensor 9400 (shown as oximetry SpO₂). The AFE 9200 isconnected to a processor 9500, which is further connected to a LEDdisplay 9600, temperature sensor(s) 9700, pH sensor 9800, and antenna9900. In an implementation, the processor 9500 is a low power MCU withintegrated Bluetooth®. In an implementation, the antenna 9900 is aBluetooth® which may communicate with a device 9950 using acorresponding antenna 9975. In an implementation, the hardwarearchitecture may, in part, be implemented on the PCBA layer 7600.

FIG. 10 is an example diagram of a software architecture of a vitalsigns monitoring patch with display 10000 in accordance with certainimplementations. A processor software/firmware of the vital signsmonitoring patch with display 10000 includes, but is not limited to, apower module 10100, a data transfer module 10150, and drivers 10200 forthe LEDs 10210, AFE 10220, Bluetooth® stack 10230, accelerometer 10240,display 10250, temperature sensor 10260, oximetry 10270, serialperipheral interface 10280, ECG sensor, and the like. An applicationdevice 10500 may include, but is not limited to, applications to processand display PPG data 10510, ECG data 10520, heart rate variability data10530, temperature 10540, step count/fall detection (via accelerometer)10550, blood pressure and like data. The application device furtherincludes a data storage mode 10580, a Bluetooth® stack 10585, and otherlibraries 10590. In an implementation, the software/firmwarearchitecture may, in part, be implemented on or with the processor 9500.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart for a method 13000 for reflection mode oximetrymeasurement for a vital signs monitoring patch with display inaccordance with some implementations. The method 13000 includes:dividing 13100 an oximetry layer into a defined set of pixel areas;sampling 13200 each pixel area at a defined sampling rate; plotting13300 data from the defined set of pixel areas; and generating 13400 2Dspatial maps. The method 13000 may be implemented, in part, by theprocessor 9500, display 9600, and other applicable components.

The method 13000 includes dividing 13100 an oximetry layer into adefined set of pixel areas. Each pixel area of the defined set of pixelareas may include a pair of LEDs and a pair of photodiodes. In animplementation, the pair of LEDs includes a red LED and a NIR LED. In animplementation, the pair of LEDs includes a red LED and a green LED.

The method 13000 includes sampling 13200 each pixel area at a definedsampling rate. Each of the defined set of pixels areas are sampled at adefined sampling rate in a defined pattern. In an implementation, thedefined pattern is a raster pattern. In an implementation, the definedsampling rate is 500 Hz.

The method 13000 includes plotting 13300 data from the defined set ofpixel areas. The data from the defined set of pixels areas is plottedusing one or more interpolation techniques. In an implementation, theone or more interpolation techniques is a nearest neighborinterpolation.

The method 13000 includes generating 13400 2D spatial maps. 2D contourmaps are generated from the plotted data for different parameters. Forexample, a 2D contour map may be generated for the red LEDs, the NIRLEDs, the green LEDs, ΔSpO₂ and other like parameters.

FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)stack 14000 for a vital signs monitoring patch with display inaccordance with certain implementations. The OLED stack 14000 mayinclude a seal layer 14100, a cathode layer 14200, an emissive layer14300, a conductive layer 14400, an anode layer 14500, and a substrate14600. In an implementation, the emissive layer 14300 may be a film oforganic compound which emits light in response to current injection. Theorganic compound may be organic polymers, inks, light emitting polymers,and the like. In an implementation, the conductive layer 14400 may beorganic polymers, inks, and the like.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of an example Electrochromic Device (ECD) stack15000 for a vital signs monitoring patch with display in accordance withcertain implementations. The ECD stack may include a substrate 15100, anelectrolyte layer 15200, electrochromic layers 15300 and 15310,electrodes 15400 and 15410, and a substrate 15500. In this instance, theelectrochromic materials are organic or inorganic substances that changecolor when charged with electricity. The ECD controls opticalproperties, such as transmission, absorption, reflectance and/oremittance, in a continual but reversible manner by applying voltage. TheECDs may be printed on plastics, paper, and the like and provideflexible yet robust structures. The ECDs use ultra-low power and areactivated by small currents. The ECDs can be integrated with sensors formotion, touch, proximity, temperature and the like.

FIGS. 16A and 16B are architectures for quantum dot light emittingdiodes (QLEDs). FIG. 16A is a diagram of a quantum dot 16000, which aresemiconductor particles with optical and electrical properties in thenanometer size area. The quantum dot 16000, in general, includes a core16100, a shell 16200 and ligands 16300. The core 16100 are the materialemitting colors, the shell 16200 are coatings to protect the core 16100,and the ligands 16300 are long chain molecules so that the quantum dotscan be printed in a liquid form.

FIG. 16B is a diagram of a QLED stack 16500 for a vital signs monitoringpatch with display in accordance with certain implementations. The QLEDstack 16500 includes a negative voltage electrode 16600, a chargeinjection material layer 16650, a core-shell quantum dot layer 16700, acharge injection layer 16750, a positive voltage electrode 16800, and atransparent substrate 16850. The QLEDs produce pure monochromatic light(red, green, blue) and have low power consumption. Charge injected inthe QLED stack 16500 results in electroluminescence. The chemicalmake-up and size of the quantum dots allows tuning of the color of theemitted light.

In general, a vital signs monitoring patch with integrated displayincludes a user access layer configured to have at least access to adisplay section and a first printed silver-silver chloride electrode, apolyethylene foam layer including at least a cut-out for a power supply,where the polyethylene foam layer is arranged to bond to the user accesslayer, a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) layer including at leastone vital sign monitoring sensor and the power supply, the PCBA layer isconnected to the first printed silver-silver chloride electrode and asecond printed silver-silver chloride electrode, where the PCBA layer isarranged to bond to the polyethylene foam layer, a sensor layerincluding reflection mode oximetry measurement components and the secondprinted silver-silver chloride electrode, a hydrogel based conductiveadhesive configured to contact a user surface area, where the hydrogelbased conductive adhesive is configured to interact between the usersurface area and the second printed silver-silver chloride electrode, amedical tape layer, where the medical tape layer is configured to bondto the user surface area and the sensor layer, and a plunger arranged tooperate within a cut-out on the polyethylene foam layer and connected tothe PCBA layer, where the plunger is accessible on the user access layerand configured to power on the vital signs monitoring patch withintegrated display via the power supply, and where access of the firstprinted silver-silver chloride electrode by a user completes a circuitwith the second printed silver-silver chloride electrode.

In an implementation, the sensor layer is integrated as a bottom surfaceof the PCBA layer. In an implementation, the first printed silver-silverchloride electrode is printed on a top surface of the PCBA layer. In animplementation, the polyethylene foam layer has a cut-out for firstprinted silver-silver chloride electrode and has a defined thickness tomitigate inadvertent circuit completion between the first printedsilver-silver chloride electrode and the second printed silver-silverchloride electrode. In an implementation, the reflection mode oximetrymeasurement components further comprising an array of first wavelengthlight emitting diodes, an array of second wavelength light emittingdiodes, and an array of photodiodes, where the array of first wavelengthlight emitting diodes, the array of second wavelength light emittingdiodes, and the array of photodiodes are configured to enable contourmapping of a patch coverage area. In an implementation, the at least onevital signs monitoring sensor is an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor. Inan implementation, the PCBA layer further includes at least onetemperature sensor. In an implementation, the PCBA layer furtherincludes a pair of temperature sensors configured to provide a thermalprofile of a patch coverage area. In an implementation, the PCBA layerfurther includes a pH sensor. In an implementation, the PCBA layerfurther includes an accelerometer which is configured to detectinclination and fall detection data. In an implementation, the PCBAfurther includes a wireless component which is configured to transmit atleast vital signs data to a vital signs monitoring device. In animplementation, the medical tape layer, the polyethylene foam layer, andthe user access layer are arranged and configured to provide bonding andsealing against environmental exposure. In an implementation, the useraccess layer includes the display section.

In general, a vital signs monitoring patch with integrated displayincludes a top layer including at least access to a display, a topprinted silver-silver chloride electrode and an activation device, afoam layer including at least a cut-out for a power supply and theactivation device, where the polyethylene foam layer is arranged to bondto the top layer, a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) layer having atop surface and a bottom surface, where the top surface including atleast an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and the power supply, the ECGsensor connected to the first printed silver-silver chloride electrodeand a second printed silver-silver chloride electrode, the bottomsurface including at least an oximetry sensor and the second printedsilver-silver chloride electrode, and the activation device connected tothe PCBA layer, a hydrogel based conductive adhesive configured tocontact a user skin surface, where the hydrogel based conductiveadhesive is configured to interact between a user skin area and thesecond printed silver-silver chloride electrode, and a contact layer,wherein the contact layer is configured to bond to a user surface areaand the bottom surface of the PCBA layer, and where the activationdevice is configured to power on the vital signs monitoring patch withintegrated display via the power supply, and where access of the firstprinted silver-silver chloride electrode by a user completes a circuitwith the second printed silver-silver chloride electrode.

In an implementation, the foam layer has a defined thickness to mitigateinadvertent circuit completion between the first printed silver-silverchloride electrode and the second printed silver-silver chlorideelectrode. In an implementation, the oximetry sensor further includes anarray of first wavelength light emitting diodes, an array of secondwavelength light emitting diodes, and an array of photodiodes, where thearray of first wavelength light emitting diodes, the array of secondwavelength light emitting diodes, and the array of photodiodes areconfigured to enable contour mapping of a patch coverage area. In animplementation, the PCBA layer further includes at least one temperaturesensor, a pH sensor, and an accelerometer. In an implementation, the atleast one temperature sensor is a pair of temperature sensors configuredto provide a thermal profile of a patch coverage area. In animplementation, the patch includes a rechargeable dock, the rechargeabledock configured to recharge the power supply. In an implementation, thedisplay is a printed display.

The construction and arrangement of the methods as shown in the variousexemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a fewembodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, manymodifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions,structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values ofparameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials and components,colors, orientations, etc.). For example, the position of elements maybe reversed or otherwise varied and the nature or number of discreteelements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of thepresent disclosure. The order or sequence of any process or method stepsmay be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments.Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be madein the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplaryembodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Although the figures may show a specific order of method steps, theorder of the steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or moresteps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Suchvariation will depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and ondesigner choice. All such variations are within the scope of thedisclosure. Likewise, software implementations could be accomplishedwith standard programming techniques with rule-based logic and otherlogic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps,comparison steps, and decision steps.

While the disclosure has been described in connection with certainembodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to belimited to the disclosed embodiments but, on the contrary, is intendedto cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements includedwithin the scope of the appended claims, which scope is to be accordedthe broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modificationsand equivalent structures as is permitted under the law.

What is claimed is:
 1. A vital signs monitoring patch with integrateddisplay comprising: a user access layer configured to have at leastaccess to a display section and a first printed silver-silver chlorideelectrode; a polyethylene foam layer including at least a cut-out for apower supply, wherein the polyethylene foam layer is arranged to bond tothe user access layer; a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) layerincluding at least one vitals sign monitoring sensor and the powersupply, the PCBA layer is connected to the first printed silver-silverchloride electrode and a second printed silver-silver chlorideelectrode, wherein the PCBA layer is arranged to bond to thepolyethylene foam layer; a sensor layer including reflection modeoximetry measurement components and the second printed silver-silverchloride electrode; a hydrogel based conductive adhesive configured tocontact a user surface area, wherein the hydrogel based conductiveadhesive is configured to interact between the user surface area and thesecond printed silver-silver chloride electrode; a medical tape layer,wherein the medical tape layer is configured to bond to the user surfacearea and the sensor layer; and a plunger arranged to operate within acut-out on the polyethylene foam layer and connected to the PCBA layer,wherein the plunger is accessible on the user access layer andconfigured to power on the vital signs monitoring patch with integrateddisplay via the power supply, and wherein access of the first printedsilver-silver chloride electrode by a user completes a circuit with thesecond printed silver-silver chloride electrode.
 2. The patch of claim1, wherein the sensor layer is integrated as a bottom surface of thePCBA layer.
 3. The patch of claim 2, wherein the first printedsilver-silver chloride electrode is printed on a top surface of the PCBAlayer.
 4. The patch of claim 3, wherein the polyethylene foam layer hasa cut-out for first printed silver-silver chloride electrode and has adefined thickness to mitigate inadvertent circuit completion between thefirst printed silver-silver chloride electrode and the second printedsilver-silver chloride electrode.
 5. The patch of claim 1, wherein thereflection mode oximetry measurement components further comprising: anarray of first wavelength light emitting diodes; an array of secondwavelength light emitting diodes; and an array of photodiodes, whereinthe array of first wavelength light emitting diodes, the array of secondwavelength light emitting diodes, and the array of photodiodes areconfigured to enable contour mapping of a patch coverage area.
 6. Thepatch of claim 5, wherein the at least one vital signs monitoring sensoris an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor.
 7. The patch of claim 6, whereinthe PCBA layer further includes at least one temperature sensor.
 8. Thepatch of claim 6, wherein the PCBA layer further includes a pair oftemperature sensors configured to provide a thermal profile of a patchcoverage area.
 9. The patch of claim 8, wherein the PCBA layer furtherincludes a pH sensor.
 10. The patch of claim 9, wherein the PCBA layerfurther includes an accelerometer which is configured to detectinclination and fall detection data.
 11. The patch of claim 1, whereinthe PCBA further includes a wireless component which is configured totransmit at least vital signs data to a vital signs monitoring device.12. The patch of claim 1, wherein the medical tape layer, thepolyethylene foam layer, and the user access layer are arranged andconfigured to provide bonding and sealing against environmentalexposure.
 13. The patch of claim 1, wherein the user access layerincludes the display section.
 14. A vital signs monitoring patch withintegrated display comprising: a top layer including at least access toa display, a top printed silver-silver chloride electrode and anactivation device; a foam layer including at least a cut-out for a powersupply and the activation device, wherein the polyethylene foam layer isarranged to bond to the top layer; a printed circuit board assembly(PCBA) layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein: the topsurface including at least an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and thepower supply, the ECG sensor connected to the first printedsilver-silver chloride electrode and a second printed silver-silverchloride electrode; the bottom surface including at least an oximetrysensor and the second printed silver-silver chloride electrode; and theactivation device connected to the PCBA layer; a hydrogel basedconductive adhesive configured to contact a user skin surface, whereinthe hydrogel based conductive adhesive is configured to interact betweena user skin area and the second printed silver-silver chlorideelectrode; and a contact layer, wherein the contact layer is configuredto bond to a user surface area and the bottom surface of the PCBA layer;and wherein the activation device is configured to power on the vitalsigns monitoring patch with integrated display via the power supply, andwherein access of the first printed silver-silver chloride electrode bya user completes a circuit with the second printed silver-silverchloride electrode.
 15. The patch of claim 14, wherein the foam layerhas a defined thickness to mitigate inadvertent circuit completionbetween the first printed silver-silver chloride electrode and thesecond printed silver-silver chloride electrode.
 16. The patch of claim14, wherein the oximetry sensor further comprising: an array of firstwavelength light emitting diodes; an array of second wavelength lightemitting diodes; and an array of photodiodes, wherein the array of firstwavelength light emitting diodes, the array of second wavelength lightemitting diodes, and the array of photodiodes are configured to enablecontour mapping of a patch coverage area.
 17. The patch of claim 16,wherein the PCBA layer further includes at least one temperature sensor,a pH sensor, and an accelerometer.
 18. The patch of claim 17, whereinthe at least one temperature sensor is a pair of temperature sensorsconfigured to provide a thermal profile of a patch coverage area. 19.The patch of claim 17, further comprising: a rechargeable dock, therechargeable dock configured to recharge the power supply.
 20. The patchof claim 18, wherein the display is a printed display.